How an Anti-Corruption Outsider Triumphed in Guatemala's Presidential Election Transcript

This weekend, the results of two Latin American elections seem to reflect a desire for democratic change. In Ecuador, a millennial entrepreneur will face the establishment leftist candidate in a runoff, and Guatemalans elected an anti-corruption politician who overcame establishment assaults on democracy in a key US ally. Nick Schifrin reports.

When the corrupt ones came for Guatemalan democracy, they missed the crusader. Bernardo Arévalo told Guatemalans yes, they could fight corruption. He and his party came out of nowhere to overcome a political establishment that tried to silence him. Last night, his supporters celebrated a watershed election they hoped heralded a better future.

What the people shout about is enough of so much corruption.

Arevalo reached out to urban and young voters in Central America’s most populous and one of its most unequal countries. Widespread poverty and food insecurity accelerated by climate change as well as widespread crime has spiked migration. More Guatemalans risked the journey north to try and enter the US than from any other Latin American country. But in the end, voters chose the politician who vows to block what he calls the establishment’s political persecution of its enemies.

A change for something good, that’s what we hope for, that they don’t let us down once again.

In Ecuador, that hope helped push 35 year old entrepreneur Daniel Noboa to second place in the first round of voting. He’s the son of a former presidential candidate and from one of Ecuador’s richest families. But he ran as an outsider, appealing to female and younger voters.

The most ignored demographic, and we can see it, is the youth. Also, a lot of female votes.

He’ll face the front-runner and establishment leftist Luisa Gonzalez. The country faces an unprecedented wave of violence, including the assassination of presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio during the campaign.

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And security and the economy are likely to be the key issues in Ecuador’s runoff elections scheduled for October. For more, we turn to Will Freeman. He’s a fellow for Latin American studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. Will Freeman, thanks very much. Welcome to the NewsHour. Let’s start in Guatemala. How significant is Bernardo Arevalo’s election?

We’re talking about the most historic election in a generation, maybe two, maybe three. This is Guatemala’s best shot at turning the corner from decades of corruption of capture of the state by criminal organizations. Arevalo has given Guatemala’s a sense of hope that I don’t think they’ve had, that I haven’t seen in my time visiting the country for years. And let’s hope that he’s able to deliver on those promises.

And yet how surprising is it that he was able to overcome a system that was frankly stacked against him and other critics of the government?

Well, surprising in several respects. I mean, it’s not only that he overcame an attempt by the judicial system to remove him from the race. He and his team weathered security threats that they were telling me about firsthand days ago. It’s also that they campaigned with basically no budget. I mean, they were up against a rival who was financed to the tune of millions. They were traveling around in their own personal cars visiting rural villages. I went with them. I saw how they recycled the same flyers from campaign stop to campaign stop. We’re talking about a campaign that was built entirely on ideas. And amazingly in this context in which that never happens, it worked.

The United States revoked the visas of the Attorney General and a judge, both of whom the US labels corrupt. The European Union, the Organization of American states also spoke out when it comes to this election. Did those moves, especially by the US, make a difference?

I do think that they send a clear and strong message to anti-democratic elements in Guatemala’s political class, that an attempt to overthrow these elections, to overturn their results would come with serious consequences. Now, I still think that most of the credit should go to Guatemala civil society, should go to the campaign of Arevalo, which really mustard the bottom up support you needed to make sure there was a free and fair process here. But the support from the US, the EU, the Organization of American States, that was all essential. And I think had those international actors not been paying attention, we might’ve seen a really different and more troubling outcome here.

Arevalo does not control any other piece of the government. Congress, the courts are stacked against him. What are the challenges he’s going to face even perhaps in security, especially given that he doesn’t take power until January?

The first, and I’d say the biggest challenge, is that the three criminal cases launched against his party without evidence remain open. Now, for the moment, he is riding high, he has this groundswell of support. That doesn’t protect him from one of these baseless prosecutions. I’m worried that members of his party could be put under a pretrial detention. If not that, certainly I think we’re going to see the opposition, Congress, pass a very limited budget this fall that goes into effect the next year. I think we’re also going to see them try to stack the judiciary with even more judges aligned with their interests. So really, it’s all going to put a lot of obstacles in front of his agenda from day one.

Let’s switch to Ecuador. Who is Daniel Noboa and how surprising is it that he finished second?

Well, Daniel Noboa is the 35-year-old son of Álvaro Noboa, a long time presidential candidate in Ecuador and one of Ecuador’s richest men. He comes from a family fortune. And he himself, Daniel, doesn’t have much experience in politics. He’s served in Congress for one term, ran once previously for president, but he’s not a household name. Look, I found it surprising. Then again I’ll be honest with you, in most first round elections in Latin America these days, it’s like rolling a dice.

And rolling the dice in an election marked by violence. How concerning is it that Ecuador, of all countries, we didn’t expect this, Ecuador suffered the kind of political violence that we saw during this campaign?

This is tragic. No one expected a presidential candidate like Fernando Villavicencio to be gunned down in public. And in fact, after that, two other candidates, including Noboa himself, were caught up in crossfire of shootouts between criminal gangs. So I think it’s going to make it very hard to develop a normal democratic election to carry on with campaign activities. What has me most concerned is that I’m not sure that either of the two candidates that made it to the runoff for October 15th really have a serious agenda to tackle this problem.

And I don’t want to overemphasize any connections between these two elections. The backstories here are very different, but are these two elections signs for those in the region advocating for democracy, advocating for free and fair elections?

I do think we see a parallel, but it has more to do with the failings of the state. So although democracy is holding steady in a lot of Latin America and a lot of countries, it’s actually doing fine. It hasn’t collapsed. What we are seeing are state institutions that are increasingly debilitated by corruption, which increasingly fail to stand up to organized crime. You’re seeing that in Mexico, you’re seeing it almost everywhere south. And so I think what we’ll see in both these cases is whoever is elected the next president in Ecuador, and certainly in the case of Arevalo, they’ll have a short honeymoon period. They might be the outsiders for now, but in six months or a year, they’ll be the president. They’ll be the one who’s bearing some responsibility for whether these problems are solved or not. So my message to presidents of Latin America these days are honeymoons are short, and really it’s just an unforgiving landscape for politicians these days.

Will Freeman of the Council on Foreign Relations, thank you very much.

Thank you.